TY  - JOUR
A1  - ,  
T1  - A sphenoid with multiple developmental variations
JO  - Eur. J. Anat.
SN  - 1136-4890
Y1  - 2012
VL  - 16
SP  - 68
EP  - 73
UR  - http://www.eurjanat.com/web/paper.php?id=120008kd
KW  - Skull
KW  - Sphenoid
KW  - Accessory foramina
KW  - Craniopharyngeal canal
KW  - Development
N2  - In a study of 156 skulls the interior of one particular skull showed many additional foramina on the sphenoid bone, one large foramen almost on the centre of sella turcica (0.64%) (the large craniopharyngeal canal); a second foramen on the inferomedial angle of the optic canal (the lateral craniopharyngeal canal), which were also present in 2 more skulls (2.56%); and two large foramina Vesalii on each side. In addition the sphenoid showed some morphological changes such as a hypoplastic left lesser wing; the upper parts of the greater wings were formed by separate bones; all sutures of the sphenoid were coarse, irregular and had tiny sutural bones. This skull also had another large foramen at the confluence of sinuses, also seen in 11 more skulls (7.7%), a large foramen caecum, a large posterior condylar foramina and a foramen in the left sigmoid sinus groove. Knowledge of these additional foramina and variations are important for radiologists, endocrinologists, neurosurgeons and anthropologists.
ER  -