TY  - JOUR
A1  - ,  
T1  - The neuroanatomy of sleep. Considerations on the role of the thalamus in sleep and a proposal for a caudorostral organization
JO  - Eur. J. Anat.
SN  - 1136-4890
Y1  - 2004
VL  - 8
SP  - 85
EP  - 93
UR  - http://www.eurjanat.com/web/paper.php?id=04020085
KW  - agrypnia excitata
KW  - autonomic dysfunction
KW  - behavior
KW  - brain stem
KW  - chorea
KW  - delirium tremens
KW  - drowsiness
KW  - fatal familial insomnia
KW  - history of medicine
KW  - human
KW  - limbic cortex
KW  - medical research
KW  - morvan chorea
KW  - motor dysfunction
KW  - nerve cell network
KW  - neuroanatomy
KW  - REM sleep
KW  - review
KW  - sleep
KW  - sleep spindle
KW  - sleep stage
KW  - sleep waking cycle
KW  - slow wave sleep
KW  - thalamus
KW  - wakefulness
N2  - This review synthetizes the most important historical contributions in sleep anatomy and the pioneer discoveries in sleep medicine in the light of our clinical observations in Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI), a genetic prion disease. Together with Morvan's chorea and Delirium Tremens, FFI is characterized by inability to sleep with severe loss of sleep spindles and delta sleep, with preserved presleep behaviour and abnormal REM sleep, associated with motor and autonomic overactivation. We labelled this pattern as Agrypnia Excitata (AE). AE is due to dysfunction in thalamolimbic circuits, which emphasizes the key role of the thalamus in sleep physiology and indicates that the anatomo-functional substrate of stage 1 non-REM sleep differs from that generating slow-wave-sleep (SWS, spindle and delta activity). Accordingly, the sleep-wake cycle in man should be conceptualized as consisting of 5 different behavioural and electrophysiological distinct states: active wakefulness, quiet wakefulness, drowsiness (or stage 1 non-REM), SWS (which incorporates spindle and delta sleep) and REM sleep. An intricate neuronal network extending from the caudal brainstem to the forebrain controls these different wake and sleep behaviours with several, at least three distinct generators.
ER  -