Digital ratio, particularly the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), has been explored as a non-invasive marker of prenatal hormone exposure and a potential predictor of Hand Grip Strength (HGS). While previous studies have linked lower 2D:4D ratios to enhanced physical strength, evidence from African populations remains limited. This study investigated the relationship between dorsal digit ratios (2D:4D and 3D:5D) and
handgrip strength (HGS) in a sample of young adult Nigerians aged between 18 and 30 years. A total of 249 participants (124 males and 125 females) were randomly selected. Dorsal digit lengths were measured using a digital vernier caliper, and HGS was assessed using a modified sphygmomanometer.
Results showed clear sexual dimorphism in both digit ratios and hand grip strength. Females had significantly higher right-hand 2D:4D ratios than males, while males exhibited significantly greater HGS and longer digits across all measured fingers. Notably, the 2D:4D ratio was a significant predictor of left-hand grip strength across sexes. In males, the right-hand 2D:4D ratio did not correlate with grip strength, whereas the 3D:5D ratio proved a better predictor. Among females, both 2D:4D and 3D:5D ratios showed significant associations with grip strength in both hands.
These findings suggest that dorsal digit ratios, particularly 2D:4D and 3D:5D, may serve as useful indicators of grip strength, with hand-specific and sex-specific variations in predictive value. This pattern reinforces the relevance of digit ratio variation as a potential anatomical marker of functional performance.
